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''van'' is a preposition in the Dutch and Afrikaans languages, meaning "of" or "from". It is also a common prefix in Dutch language surnames (being known as a ''tussenvoegsel''), as in Vincent van Gogh or Marco van Basten. It can appear by itself or in combination with another prefix, such as ''van de'', ''van der'' and ''van den'' (current and archaic forms of the article ''de'', meaning "the") and less commonly ''van het'' or ''van 't'' (the neutral article ''het''). Common is ''ver'', a contraction of ''van der'' and written as a single word with the rest of the surname, as in Johannes Vermeer. The German "von" is a cognate of Dutch "van", though unlike the German "von", the Dutch "van" is not always an indication of nobility or royalty. The Dutch word van can both imply nobility (William of Orange) or another relation to a geographic place (toponym); e.g. place of birth (John from Delft). == Other prepositions == The preposition "''van''" is the most widely used preposition in Dutch surnames, but many others are also used, although not always recognized as such if the whole surname is written as a single word. Just as "van" all these prepositions used to indicate geographical locations: * ''te'' — meaning "at" (or/of towards), (or ''ter'' and ''ten'', being the old dative forms), ''e.g.'', ''ter Beek'' (of the stream) * ''thoe/thor'' — being the old forms of ''te'' as in ''Thorbecke'' (meaning at the brook) * ''aan'' — meaning "at" or "aside", ''e.g.'', ''aan de Stegge'' (meaning aside the road) * ''op'' — meaning "on" (also in combination ''op de, op den, op 't, op der''), ''e.g.'', as in Op den Akker (on the field) * ''in'' — meaning "in" (in combination with the neutral particle: ''in 't''), ''e.g.'', ''in 't Veld'' (in the field) * ''uit'' — or archaic uyt, meaning "out" or "from", ''e.g.'' Uytdehaage (from The Hague or from the hedge). * ''over'' — meaning "over" or "from the other side", as in Overeem (from the other side of the river Eem) * ''onder'' — meaning "under" or "below" or "at the bottom": Onderdijk, Onderwater * ''achter'' — meaning "behind": Achterberg (behind the mountain) * ''bezuiden'' — meaning "south of": Bezuidenhout (south of the woods) * ''boven'' — meaning "above" or "up": Bovelander(up in the land) * ''buiten'' — meaning "outside" or "in the country": Buitenhuis () * ''zonder'' — meaning "without": Zonderland (without land) or Zondervan (without ''van'', e.g. without a surname beginning with ''van'') Apart from these prepositions the prefix "de" (not a preposition but an article, meaning "the") is also very common. They indicate a property, quality or origin, as in "de Lange" (the tall one), "de Korte" (the small one), "de Groot" (the big one), "de Zwart", "de Wit", "de Rode" (the one with black, white, red hair or skin), "de Rijke" (the rich one). The most widespread is "de Vries" (the Frisian). For Dutch people of French (usually Huguenot) origin whose ancestors never modified their surnames to fit Dutch norms, the prefix "de" is a preposition similar in meaning to "''van''". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Van (Dutch)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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